Uko wohitamwo ivyokurya-ibikoresho vy'amapulasitike

Ikoreshwa rya mbere ry’ibikoresho vya PET ryari nk’insinga z’ubuhinga, nk’ibara ry’umubiri, igipande c’amabuye y’agaciro, n’ibindi, ntivyakoreshwa mu macupa y’ibinyobwa gushika mu 1976. PET ikoreshwa nk’ikintu co kwuzuza, kikaba kizwi cane kw’izina rya (icupa rya PET).

Amacupa ya PET aratanga ubukomezi bwiza cane n’ubukomezi, araremereye cane (1/9-1/15 gusa y’uburemere bw’amacupa y’ibirahuri), kandi yoroshe gutwara no gukoresha. Bikoresha inguvu nke kugira ngo bivemwo, kandi ntibishobora guterwa n’ikirere, ntibishobora guhungabana, kandi ntibishobora guterwa n’aside- n’amazi y’ibimera. Ni co gituma mu myaka iheze, yacitse ikintu gihambaye co kwuzuza ibintu nk’ibinyobwa birimwo gaze, icayi, umutobe, amazi yo kunywa apfunyitswe, umuvinyu n’isupu ya soya. Uretse ivyo bikoresho, PET irakoreshwa cane mu macupa y’ibikoresho vyo gusukura, ivy’ugusukura umubiri, amavuta yo guteka, ivy’ugutegura, ivyokurya biryoshe, imiti, ivy’isuku be n’inzoga.

Ibikoresho vya PET birashobora guhangana n'ubushuhe-bushika kuri degre 70 n'ubukonje-bishobora guhangana na degre -20 . Ni co gituma ibereye gusa kunywa ibinyobwa bishushe canke bikanye. Iyo yuzuye amazi afise ubushuhe bwinshi canke ishushe, irahinduka bitagoranye kandi ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane umubiri w’umuntu birasenyuka. Ariko rero, abahinga barabonye ko ubwo bwoko bw’impuzu bushobora kurekura ibintu bitera kanseri iyo umuntu amaze amezi 10 akoresheje, ivyo bikaba ari ubumara ku mubiri w’umuntu. Ku bw’ivyo, amacupa y’ibinyobwa vy’ibikoko (PET) akwiye gutabwa iyo amaze gukoreshwa. Ntubikoreshe nk’ibikombe vy’amazi canke nk’ibikoresho vyo kubika ibindi bintu kugira ngo wirinde gutera ingorane z’amagara zitazoba zibereye.

Ibikoresho vya HDPE birafise ibiranga ubushuhe bwinshi (110℃), ubukomezi bwiza, ubukomezi bwinshi bw’ubuhinga n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imiti. Ni ikintu kandi kitagira ubumara kandi gifise umutekano.

Ikoreshwa cane mu bikoresho vy’ibifungurwa vy’amapulasitike, nk’ivyo gusukura n’ivyo kwoga. Ubu, imifuko myinshi ikoreshwa mu maduka manini-manini no mu masoko manini-manini ikozwe muri ivyo bintu. Kubera ko yumva iryoshe cane, akenshi kandi ikoreshwa mu gukora imifuko y’ibitanda.

Ivyombo vya HDPE birashobora gusubira gukoreshwa inyuma yo gusukurwa neza, ariko ivyo bikoresho akenshi biragoye gusukura kandi birashobora kuguma bifise ibimenyetso vy’ibintu vy’intango vyo gusukura, bikaba ari vyo bitera imigera. Ntizisukurwa neza, rero ntivyiza ko zisubira gukoreshwa. Ikindi, imifuko y’impuzu ifise ikimenyetso c’ibifungurwa irashobora gukoreshwa mu gufata ibifungurwa, ariko ni vyiza ko udashusha mu gitereko c’amazi.

Ivyo bikoresho vya PVC vyavumbuwe kera cane kandi birakoreshwa cane mu bikoresho vy’inganda. Kubera ko PVC ifise ivyiza nk’ibindi bikoresho vy’amapulasitike kandi ari nziza cane mu gutunganya no mu gukora amapulasitike, ifatanijwe n’igiciro cayo gito, ikoreshwa cane, ariko cane cane mu bibanza bita-ibifungurwa nk’imiyoboro y’amazi, amakoti y’imvura, imifuko y’ishure, ibikoresho vy’inyubako, amafilime y’amapulasitike, amasandugu y’amapulasitike etc. amavuta y’imboga, ibikoresho vyo gusukura, amasandugu y’ibitoke, n’amazi yo kunywa yo gupakira.

Ariko rero, ibintu vy’amapulasitike bikozwe muri ivyo bintu birashobora gutuma haba ubwoko bubiri bw’ibintu bitera ubumara n’ibitera akaga, bikaba biva ku bintu bibiri:

1. Monomeres za vinyl chloride zitagira polymérisation zishitse zirasohoka mu gihe c’ugukora amacupa, kwuzuza no gusubira gukoresha. Guhumeka igihe kirekire-ivyo bita vinyl chloride birashobora gutera kanseri y’amahaha;

2. Ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane biri mu bikoresho bitera amapulasitike. Ivyo bintu bibiri birashobora gusenyuka bitagoranye iyo bishizwe mu bushuhe bwinshi no mu mavuta. Ivyo bintu bitera ubumara bimaze kwinjira mu mubiri w’umuntu biciye mu vyo arya, birashobora gutera kanseri bitagoranye.

Mu myaka ya vuba, abantu bararushirije kumenya ibidukikije, kandi ibikoresho vya PVC ntivyakoreshwa cane mu gupfunyika ibifungurwa. Niwaba washikiwe n’iki gikoresho ca PVC, urabe ko utagishira mu bushuhe igihe ugikoresha!

LDPE iri hose mu buzima bwa none, si kubera ibikoresho ikozwemwo, ahubwo ni kubera imifuko y’amapulasitike ubona hose. Ibintu bikozwe muri vyo ntibigira akamoto, ntibigira ubumara, kandi ntibigira ibara ry’agahama. Ikoreshwa cane mu bice vy’ibifungurwa vy’amapulasitike, mu gupfunyika ibifungurwa, amafilime y’ibifungurwa, imiti, mu gupfunyika imiti, n’ibindi.

Ivyo guhangana n’ubushuhe ntibikomeye. Kenshi, igipande c’ibara ry’agahama citwa PE cling film kizopfuka iyo ubushuhe burengeye degre 110 , kigasigaza ibintu bimwebimwe vy’ipulasitike bidashobora kubora n’umubiri w’umuntu. Vyongeye, iyo ivyokurya bizingiwe mu gipande co kwifatanya n’ibindi bifungurwa maze bikashushwa, ibinure biri muri ivyo biryo birashobora gusenyura bitagoranye ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ingorane biri muri ico gipande.

Igipande co mu nzu co gufatanya n’ibindi ntigikwiye kuzingira ku vyo kurya no gushushwa kugira ngo ibinure biri muri ivyo biryo ntibisenyure ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane biri muri ico gipande. Imbere y’uko ukoresha amafuru y’imikoro, wama ukuraho igipande co kwifatanya n’ivyo kurya.

Ibikoresho vya PP birashobora guhangana n'ubushuhe burengeye degre 130 kandi bishobora gushonga gushika kuri degre 167 . Ico kintu gishobora guterwa n’umwotsi kandi gifise ivyiza vyo guhangana n’aside n’amazi, guhangana n’imiti, n’uguhangana n’ugutomboka. Ni co gikoresho conyene c'ipulasitike gishobora gukoreshwa mu microwave- kandi gishobora gusubirwamwo inyuma yo gusukura neza.

Ivyombo vya PP bikoreshwa cane mu macupa y’amata ya soya n’amata y’umuceri, kandi bikoreshwa no mu gufata umutobe w’ivyamwa utagira agasembwa 100%, yogurt, ibinyobwa vy’umutobe, ibintu biva mu mata (nk’impuzu), n’ibindi.

Ariko rero, birahambaye kumenya ko abahinguzi bamwebamwe, kubera igiciro, akenshi bakoresha PP ku bikoresho, mu gihe bakoresha PE canke PS ku bindi bihimba vy’ibikoresho, nk’igipfukisho c’icupa n’igipfukisho. Rero, ni vyiza gukuraho igipfukisho c'icupa igihe uriko urakoresha microwave-.

PS irafise ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi make kandi irashikama neza mu bijanye n’ingero, kandi ishobora gutunganirizwa hakoreshejwe ugutera inshinge, ugutera ivyuma, ugutera ivyuma, n’ugutera ivyuma bikoresheje ubushuhe. Muri rusangi, PS ishirwa mu rwego rw’iyitagira ifu canke ifise ifu, bivanye n’uko yacitse ifu.

1. PS idafise ifu ikoreshwa cane cane mu bikoresho vy’inyubako, mu bikinisho, mu bikoresho vyo kwandikako, no mu bindi. Ikunda kandi gukoreshwa mu bikoresho vyo gushiramwo ibintu biva mu mata bimeze nk’ibitoke (nka Yakult, Jian Jian Mei, Duo Duo, n’ibindi biva mu mata canke ibintu biva mu mata birimwo aside lactic). Mu myaka ya vuba, ryarakoreshejwe cane kandi mu bikoresho vyo ku meza bikoreshwa rimwe gusa.

2. Foamed PS (izwi cane kw’izina rya Styrofoam) ikoresha ikintu gitera ifu kugira ngo igwire incuro 20 gushika ku 100 mu gihe c’uguhingura. Ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho co gupfunyika ibikoresho vyo mu nzu canke ibikoresho vy'amakuru, canke nk'igikoresho co gukingira ubushuhe-amasandugu y'ibarafu, amasandugu y'amafi, n'ibindi.

Ibikoresho vya PS bikoreshwa kenshi mu gukora amasandugu y’ibifungurwa vyihuta afise ishusho y’igikombe-n’amasandugu y’ibifungurwa vyihuta vy’ifu. Naho ibikoresho vya PS bishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe-n’ubukonje-, imiti izosohoka iyo ubushuhe buri hejuru cane. Ntukigere rero uyishiramwo ataco ushizemwo mu gitereko c’amazi! Vyongeye, niwirinde gukoresha ibikoresho vy’ibifungurwa vyihuta kugira ngo ushiremwo ibifungurwa bishushe. Ntishobora gukoreshwa mu gufata aside zikomeye (nk’umutobe w’umuceri) canke ibintu bikomeye vy’amazi kuko izobora polystyrène ishobora gutera ingorane umubiri w’umuntu.

PC ni ikintu gikoreshwa cane cane mu macupa y’abana no mu bikombe vyo mu kirere. Ni ikintu gitera impaka kuko kirimwo bisphenol A. Uko ubushuhe bugenda burakura, ni ko bisphenol A isigaye irekurwa cane kandi igasohoka ningoga. Amazi ashushe rero ntakwiye kubikwa mu bikoresho vya PC.

Naho abahinga bavuga ko mu vyiyumviro, igihe cose BPA ihindutse 100% mu gice c’umubiri mu gihe c’uguhingura PC, bisigura ko ico kintu ata BPA irimwo na gato, reka tuvuge ko kirekura. Ariko rero, nta muhinguzi ashobora kwemeza ko bisphenol A yahindutse burundu, rero uracari ukeneye kwiyubara igihe uriko urakoresha. Iyo bisphenol A ntoyi idahindutse mu gice c’ipulasitike ya PC, irashobora kwinjira mu vyo kurya canke mu vyo kunywa.

Ku bw’ivyo, nube maso cane igihe ukoresha ico gikoresho c’ipulasitike. Iyo icupa rifise inomero 07, ingingo zikurikira zirashobora kugabanya ingorane:

1. Ntushushe canke ngo ushire umuco w’izuba mu gihe uriko urakoresha. Ntusukure ikete mu gikoresho co kwoza ibikoresho canke mu gikoresho co kwumisha ibikoresho.

2. Imbere yo gukoresha ubwa mbere, woze n’ibikarbonate n’amazi asusurutse hanyuma wume mu buryo busanzwe mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba.

3. Iyo igikoresho kiguye canke cononekaye mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, birakenewe ko umuntu ahagarika kugikoresha, kuko iyo hariho uturongo dutoduto ku ruhande rw’ibintu vy’amapulasitike, biroroshe ko imigera yihisha.

4. Irinde gusubiramwo ibikoresho vy’ipulasitike vya kera.