Ibara ry'ibintu bikoreshwa cane mu gupakira ivyokurya mu ngo
Ni Ubuhe Ubwoko bw’Urugendo rw’Amabumba ruriho?
Ivyo bikoresho bishobora gusa n’ibisanzwe kandi bikaba bigaragara, ariko ibikoresho vyavyo biratandukanye. Ikozwe mu bikoresho vy'ipulasitike bikurikira:
Polythylene (PE):Ivyo ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikoreshwa cane, bikoreshwa cane kubera umutekano wavyo be n’igiciro gito. Naho polyethylene itanga ubushobozi bwo guhema neza, kandi iterwa n’ugushikama nabi kw’ubushuhe n’ugushobora gutera.
Igiharuro ca Polyvinyl (PVC):Ivyo bikoresho vya PVC vya kera vyakoreshejwe cane cane. Ubwo bwoko bw’ipulasitike burafise uguseruka cane kandi burashobora gukoreshwa neza, ariko kubera ibikoresho vy’impuzu bishobora kubamwo, umutekano wabwo warakwegereye umutima, cane cane ku bushuhe bwinshi canke iyo umuntu akorana n’ibifungurwa vy’amavuta.
Ibara ry'ibintu bikoreshwa cane mu gupakira ivyokurya mu ngo
Igikoresho ca chloride (PVDC):Ubwo bwoko bw’ibipfukisho vy’ipulasitike buratanga ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukingira, ariko ikoreshwa ryabwo burake cane kubera ko buzimvye n’ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.
Ibindi bikoresho bishobora gusenyuka: Kubera ko abantu benshi bamenya ibidukikije, hariho ibipfukisho bimwebimwe vy’ipulasitike bitangura kwinjiza ibikoresho vy’ibinyabuzima vy’ibinyabuzima canke bishobora gusenyuka, nk’aside polylactic aside (PLA).
Ni gute womenya hagati y'ibinyabiziga birumvikana n'ukudashobora kudatera ubwoba?
Iyo umuntu ashushe ivyokurya bizingiwe mu gipfukisho c’ipulasitike, vyoba bishoboka ko umuntu ashira iyo nkuru y’ipulasitike akayishushanya? Ushobora kwerekeza ku nseguro ikurikira:
(1) Polythylene (PE) .: Iyi ni igipfukisho c’ipulasitike gisanzwe ku isoko. Ivyo bikoresho bikoreshwa muri rusangi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gushushanya micro-onde. Ariko rero, iyo ishushe igihe kirekire kandi ubushuhe burenze 110 degre , buzoca buhungabana. Ku bw’ivyo, birasabwa kudashira ibifungurwa bizingiwe muri ubwo bwoko bw’ibizingiti vy’ipulasitike muri micro-onde igihe kirekire, canke ngo bishushanye ku bushuhe bw’ibara ry’agahama bw’ibara ry’agahama.
(2) chloride ya Polyvinyl (PVC):Ivyo bikoresho bikozwe muri ivyo bikoresho birimwo ibikoresho vy’impuzu kandi bishobora kurekura ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane ku bushuhe bwinshi. Si vyiza ko umuntu ashusha.
(3) chloride ya Polyvinylide (PVDC):Ivyuma bikoreshwa muri ubwo bwoko birakora neza kandi birashobora kwihanganira ubushuhe bwinshi bwa degre 140 kugeza kuri degre 180 . Ishobora gukoreshwa mu gushusha, ariko birasabwa kutayishuha mu furi y’ubushuhe bwinshi.
Ikindi, urashobora kandi gusuzuma amabwirizwa y’ibara canke yo gupfunyika. Abahinguzi bamwebamwe akenshi berekana ku bijanye n’ugupfunyika kw’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu y’impuzu. Iyo igipfukisho c’ipulasitike kiguzwe ku muhora usanzwe kandi ivyo bipfunyika bivuga neza ko bishobora gukoreshwa mu gushushanya micro-onde, rero iki gipfukisho c’ipulasitike muri rusangi kiratekanye.
Mbega amaplasitishiya y’Ibara ry’Ibara ry’Ibara ry’Ibara ry’Ibara ry’Ibara ry‟Ivyiyumviro?
Iyo abantu biyumvira ivy’ipulasitike, birashoboka ko biyumvira ivy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Naho mu gipfukisho ca PVC gipfutse DEHP DEHP gifise ingorane, ubundi bwoko bw’igipfukisho c’ipulasitike ntibutera ingorane nyinshi.
Phthalates (PAEs) ni ijambo rusangi ry’umugwi w’imiti y’ivyuma. Muri uwo muryango w’ama PEA, di(2-othylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) ni ikintu gisanzwe gikoreshwa mu guhingura ibintu vy’ubuhinga bwa none (PVC), nk’ibikoresho vy’ubuvuzi, ibikinisho, n’ugupfunyika.
DEHP irashobora kwimuka mu gihe co gushusha, igatera ingorane ku buzima ku bantu. Ishobora guhungabanya urutonde rw’imisemburo y’umubiri, igatuma umuntu ahungabana, eka mbere akagira utunenge tw’ivuka canke ukundi gukomeretswa n’imyororokere. Ariko rero, ivyiyumviro vya DEHP abantu bashirwako ku musi ku musi, akenshi biri munsi cane y’ingero zishobora gutuma izo ngorane z’amagara. Ikindi kandi, inyigisho ziriho ubu zirerekana ko ingaruka zishobora guterwa na DEHA ku kuvyara kw’ibikoko no gutera imbere ari bike. Vyinshi muri ivyo vyigwa vyakozwe ku rugero rwo hejuru cane kuruta urugero rw’ugushikirwa n’ibintu mu buzima bwa misi yose. Ku bw’ivyo, igihe cose gukoresha DEHP bizoba bihuye n’ibisabwa kandi birabereye, nta nkenerwa yo kwiganyira cane. Ikintu gikeneye kumenyekana ni uko umuntu wese ategerezwa kugura ibintu vy’ipulasitike biciye mu mihora isanzwe kandi ntagure ibintu bitagira akamaro kubera ko yishimira inyungu ntoyi.
Ikindi, birabereye kuvuga ko kugira ngo umuntu atore umuti ingorane y’ubumara bwa DEHP, abantu na bo nyene barateguye uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, nk’ubuhinga bwa dibutyl phthalate (DBP) na benzyl bunty phthalate (BBP). Naho izo nzira zishobora gutuma umuntu agira ingorane zimwe zimwe, ziratekanye. Niba uhangayikishijwe n’ingorane z’amagara zo gukoresha ivyuma vy’ipulasitike vya PVC birimwo DEHP, urashobora guhitamwo uburyo butekanye kuruta.
Ivyuma vy'ipulasitike mu gipfukisho c'ipulasitike birashobora kwinjira mu buryo bworoshe - ivyokurya
Mbega Amavuta ya Plastique Akamaro? Mbega ibipfunsi bizova mu vyo kurya vy’ibifungurwa Indwara y’umubiri?
Abantu bamwebamwe barashaka kumenya igituma rimwe na rimwe amavuta menshi asohoka mu gipfukisho c’ipulasitike. Mbega ni kubera ko ibinure biri mu vyo kurya bisenyuka ku gipfukisho c’ipulasitike? Nkako, ivyo si ko biri. Igipfukisho ca plastique ni igikoresho c’ivyuma, kikaba gifise ama molecule ya éthymedédée. Hariho ibihengeri biri hagati y'ibihimba vy'ibikoresho vy'amapolime, kandi "molecule y'amavuta" mu vyo kurya birashobora guca muri ivyo bihengeri, bikavamwo amavuta. Ivyiyumviro vy’ibihimba vy’umubiri vy’ipulasitike ya HDPE ni bito, rero ntivyoroshe gukora amavuta; ibihengeri vya LDPE ni vyinshi cane, rero biroroshe kubona amavuta.
Ni co gituma mbere n’igihe urya inyama z’ingurube zifise amaganzu, amaboko yawe azoguma aronka amavuta.
Kwambara amaganzu yo kurya inyama z'ingurube na vyo nyene bizokuvuza amavuta
Hariho amakete ashobora kwibaza, kuki ari hasi- uburemere bw’amazi atari amazi-? Bake - Ubwinshi bw’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma ni amazi menshi. Amazi y’amazi ntashobora gutonyanga inkuta z’amazi hagati y’ivyo bihimba, bigatuma amazi aguma atembera no kubuza amazi guca mu buryo bw’amazi (umwuka w’amazi arashobora gucamwo).
Niwabona ko iyo pulasitike ikoreshwa mu kuzingiramwo ibifungurwa vyavuyemwo amavuta, woba ushobora kurya ivyo kurya? Iyo ingaruka z’ubushuhe zitafatwa, amavuta azoca gusa mu gipfukisho c’ipulasitike kandi ntazoyasambura. Ntaco bimaze kwiganyira ku bijanye no kurya "impuzu y'impuzu".
Impanuro n'ukwiyubara kugira ngo uhitemwo no gukoresha amaplatique
(1) Suzuma ubwoko bw’ibintu:
Polythylene (PE): Muri rusangi ifatwa nk’ihitamwo ryiza kandi ryiza ryo gukoreshwa buri musi.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): Yashobora kubamwo ivyuma vy’impuzu kandi ni vyiza ko umuntu yirinda gukoreshwa mu gupfunyika ibifungurwa.
Polyvinylide chloride (PVDC): Afise imiterere myiza kuruta, ariko irazimvye cane kandi ifise ingaruka ku bidukikije zikeneye kwiyumvirirwa.
(2) Suzuma ikimenyetso c'igicuruzwa:Suzuma nimba ivyo bipfukisho bifise ikimenyetso c’umutekano w’ibifungurwa be n’uko ari ikimenyetso c’uko umuntu ashobora gupfunyika.
(3) Uguseruka n’ugukomera:Igipfukisho ciza c’ipulasitike gikwiye kuba gifise uguseruka neza n’ugufatanya neza kugira ngo bishobore gufatanywa bitagoranye ku gitereko c’ibifungurwa.
(4) Ubushuhe bwinshi:Kurikiza amabwirizwa y’amapaki, cane cane ayo ku bijanye n’uko igicuruzwa gishobora gushuha. Ntukoreshe igipfukisho c’ipulasitike kidakwiriye gushusha ku bushuhe bwinshi, nk’aho woba uri mu mukogote.
(5) Irinde gukorana n'ibifungurwa vyinshi -Ubwoko bumwe bumwe bw'igipfukisho c'ipulasitike buzoba "gusohora amavuta" igihe umuntu akorana n'ibifungurwa vyinshi -fat kandi ashobora kurekura imiti.
(6) Ikindi, ibipfukisho vyinshi vy’ipulasitike bimenyerewe bikozwe muri PE. Ariko rero, si ibipfukisho vyose vy’ipulasitike bishirwako ikimenyetso ca PE, hejuru- polyetylene (HDPE), canke - polyetylene (LDPE) ishobora gukoreshwa mu gupfuka ibifungurwa.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko bategerezwa kugira amajambo ngo "Ivyo kurya- gusa", "uruhusha rwo gukingira ivyokurya" canke "QS" kugira ngo bakoreshe ivyo barya. Imifuko y’impuzu isanzwe y’imyanda na yo nyene ikozwe muri PE, rero ntuzozikoreshe mu gufata ivyo kurya!Muri rusangi, ibipfukisho vy’ipulasitike bidashobora gukoreshwa mu gupfuka ivyo kurya kenshi bifise ibikoresho vyinshi vy’impuzu kandi birimwo ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane nka DEHP.
Ivyo bivugwa haruguru ni ubumenyi bujanye n’ivyo bipfukisho vy’ipulasitike. Igihe uhitamwo ibipfukisho vy’ipulasitike, birahambaye ko witwararika ubwoko n’umutekano w’ibintu kugira ngo wirinde guhitamwo ibintu birimwo imiti itera ingorane. Igihe ukoresha, ukurikize amabwirizwa y’umutekano, cane cane amabwirizwa yerekeye ugushusha. Muri ico gihe nyene, turavye ibintu vy’ibidukikije no guhitamwo uburyo bwo gusubira gukoreshwa canke bushobora gusenyuka birashobora kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Mu gukurikiza izo ngingo, muri rusangi urashobora kumenya neza ko ivyo ufungura bitekanye mu gihe ugabanya ingorane ku buzima bwawe n’ibidukikije.
